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This essay aims to look at the success of drug control policies taken by the United States in the 0th Century. I shall be examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various policies that targeted different sections of the drug industry. In order to do this I shall look at policies implemented that were aimed at both the supply side and the demand side and deliberate on their effectiveness at controlling drugs in the US.
In the 160's and 170's there was a dramatic rise in the number of diagnosed drug addicts in the United States. This was a great concern for the governments at the time and the first policies introduced in the US were aimed at the demand side to decrease trafficking and addiction. This was because drugs could be smuggled in reasonably small quantities, so in this way they were hard to detect when crossing borders. I think it is important to state now that any statistics used concerning the trafficking and consumption of drugs have to be taken with caution as obtaining such statistics rely upon many estimations. It is impossible to know exactly the extent of drug consumption in the US.
The UN General Assembly in 186 was determined to 'mobilize the international community in an unprecedented global counter-offensive against the international drug menace'. The same year Reagan poured more money into both law enforcement and increased penalties for drug traffickers. Moreover, his crackdown on drugs was not limited to the US. Economic sanctions were proposed against the main drug producing countries. However the apparent failure of these policies initiated under Reagan led the USA to change from a focus on the demand to a focus of cutting the supply. Indeed as the White House stated in 18, "elimination of illegal drugs at or near their foreign source is the most effective means to reduce the domestic supply of these substances." This was reflected in a dramatic increase in economic and military aid to drug producing countries under Bush. However this aid was obviously not given unconditionally. It was given under the condition that these countries would use it to clamp down on drug production. The money was to be used to set up alternative farming as well as being used for enforcement. One of the biggest problems, though, with the alternative farming schemes was that firstly the farmers had no skills in growing other crops and that secondly the financial gains were far less. This meant that many farmers took the risk of being caught because of the greater financial awards.
Interestingly, Clutterbuck notes that drug enforcement policy has not always been a top priority for the US. This was particularly evident in the Cold War. The logic from the US governments was that no measures should be taken against Third World countries that could potentially be destabilized by Communism. This was particularly obvious in South America where 'some repressive leaders were helped to stay in power because they were regarded as bulwarks against Communism.'
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